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Gordon Shumway, 09/18/2012 08:30 PM
DFL-200¶
This page is a work in progress and changes as the hardware is mapped out.
- Table of contents
- DFL-200
Parts¶
| SoC | 266MHz | Intel IXP422BB |
| RAM | 64M | Hynix HY57V281620ETP-H |
| Flash | 4M | Intel JS28F320 |
| Ethernet controller | 1 | Realtek RTL8100B |
| 2 | IXP422 Built-in MAC | |
| Switch | 1 | Realtek RTL8305SB |
| IDE controller | 1 | Promise PDC20275 |
| RTC | Ricoh RS5C372A |
Features¶
| 10/100 Eth | 6 | 1 on the RTL8100B (WAN) 1 on NPE-C connected to the switch (DMZ) 4 on NPE-B connected to the switch, PHY 32 (LAN) |
| LEDs | 1 | GPIO-controlled Status LED (LED20) (plus Ethernet port LEDs controlled by the switch) |
| Buttons | 2 | GPIO, Reset button on the rear panel (RSW1), active low Hardware reset button (RSW2) inside the case |
| GPIO | 4 | On GPIOA1; 2 of these are the IIC bus |
| CF | 1 | On the IDE controller |
| RTC | 1 | With battery backup; on the IIC bus |
| JTAG | 3 | 1 standard 20-pin ARM JTAG (JB1) 1 that appears to be a minimal version of a standard JTAG (JC1) 1 unknown (DEBUG2), possibly the DSP engine |
| Serial | 1 | RS-232 on the rear panel |
The board has unpopulated space for two more SDRAMs and a Mini-PCI Type III connector (some supporting parts may be missing).
The board comes with RedBoot custom-tailored to run Clavister's second-stage loader and OS from the CF card.
RedBoot is scattered over a total of 512K of the 4M flash.
GPIO setup¶
| GPIO | Function | Note |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | ||
| 1 | ||
| 2 | ||
| 3 | ||
| 4 | ||
| 5 | GPIO5 | On GPIOA1 |
| 6 | IIC SCL | Also on GPIOA1 |
| 7 | IIC SDA | Also on GPIOA1 |
| 8 | ||
| 9 | PCI INTA | PDC20275 |
| 10 | PCI INTB | RTL8100B |
| 11 | ||
| 12 | Rear-panel Reset button (RSW1) | Active low |
| 13 | IO reset | probably; connected to switch #RESET pin also resets the PCI bus |
| 14 | GPIO14 | On GPIOA1 |
| 15 | Status LED (LED20) | (probably? Supposed to be the PCI clock?) |
Headers and connectors¶
GPIOA1 header¶
| Pin | Function |
|---|---|
| 1 | GPIO14 |
| 3 | IIC SDA |
| 5 | IIC SCL |
| 7 | GPIO5 |
| 2, 4, 6, 8 | GND |
JB1 header¶
Standard 20-pin ARM JTAG.
| Pin | Function | Pin | Function | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Vref | 2 | Vsupply | |
| 3 | nTRST | 4 | GND | |
| 5 | TDI | 6 | GND | |
| 7 | TMS | 8 | GND | |
| 9 | TCK | 10 | GND | |
| 11 | RTCK | 12 | GND | |
| 13 | TDO | 14 | GND | |
| 15 | nSRST | 16 | GND | |
| 17 | DBGRQ | 18 | GND | |
| 19 | DBGACK | 20 | GND |
JC1 header¶
A simplified JTAG header.
| Pin | Function |
|---|---|
| 2 | TCK |
| 4 | TMS |
| 6 | TDI |
| 8 | TDO |
| 1, 3, 5, 7 | GND |
PS4S1 4-pin Berg- (Mini-Molex-) type power supply connector¶
| Pin | Function |
|---|---|
| 1 | +5V |
| 2 | GND |
| 3 | GND |
| 4 | N/C |
Of note, there is no +12V.
RedBoot¶
Console is 9600,8N1.
Flash layout:
| Name | FLASH addr | Mem addr | Length | Entry point |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RedBoot | 0x50000000 | 0x50000000 | 0x00040000 | 0x00000000 |
| mac | 0x50040000 | 0x10000000 | 0x00020000 | 0x10000000 |
| FIS directory | 0x503E0000 | 0x503E0000 | 0x0001F000 | 0x00000000 |
| RedBoot config | 0x503FF000 | 0x503FF000 | 0x00001000 | 0x00000000 |
RedBoot comes up with a default menu that allows selecting between booting the Clavister OS (this is done automatically after a timeout) or enter the RedBoot command line.
Although RedBoot is able to write configuration to flash memory, it ignores (at least some of the) settings contained there (console_baud_rate). The flash config doesn't contain the NPE MAC addresses either. Make note of your MAC addresses from the original OS. They may also be printed on stickers on the Ethernet jacks. The bottom sticker also has the MAC address of the WAN port -- add 0x01 for the DMZ MAC, another 0x01 for the LAN MAC.
Automatic booting¶
Booting the Clavister OS is done by the following command sequence:
load -m disk -b 0x100000 hda1:FWLOADER.CFX go -c 0x101028
This will load FWLOADER.CFX from the first CF partition, which must be either FAT (16?) or ext2fs. Any file named FWLOADER.CFX can be loaded as long as it satisfies the following (known) constraints:
- Begins with a 4136-byte long DOS/PE stub (it must be a proper DOS/PE stub, at least to some as-of-yet-unknown extent)
- The payload after the stub must be a tagged image (ie. ELF)
Automatic booting of a custom kernel¶
By default, RedBoot starts up with a menu:
Found EXT2 file system Ethernet eth0: MAC address 22:11:44:33:66:55 IP: 192.168.1.1/255.255.255.0, Gateway: 192.168.1.12 Default server: 192.168.1.12 EM-436 Ver.AB 2004-08-31 Booting Menu: Default Start D-Link firewall 1. Start D-Link firewall 2. Redboot command line Please select:
If no interaction is made, (1) will be executed with the above-mentioned boot sequence.
Booting any custom image involves selecting (2) and issuing the necessary RedBoot commands. Automating this selection is done by a boot script that has a bare 2 as its first line, then the commands necessary to load and boot the custom image.
RedBoot> fconfig Run script at boot: true Boot script: Enter script, terminate with empty line >> 2 >> load -r -b 0x01600000 -m disk hda1:/boot/openwrt-dfl200-zImage >> go -n 0x01600000 >> Boot script timeout (1000ms resolution): 5 Use BOOTP for network configuration: false Gateway IP address: 192.168.1.12 Local IP address: 192.168.1.1 Local IP address mask: 255.255.255.0 Default server IP address: 192.168.1.12 console_baud_rate: 9600 GDB connection port: 0 Force console for special debug messages: false Network debug at boot time: false Update RedBoot non-volatile configuration - continue (y/n)? y ... Unlock from 0x503e0000-0x50400000: . ... Erase from 0x503e0000-0x50400000: . ... Program from 0x0ffe0000-0x10000000 at 0x503e0000: . ... Lock from 0x503e0000-0x50400000: . RedBoot>
This will automatically load and boot /boot/openwrt-dfl200-zImage from the first partition on the Compact Flash card (which must still be FAT or ext2 for RedBoot to be able to handle it).
Found EXT2 file system Ethernet eth0: MAC address 22:11:44:33:66:55 IP: 192.168.1.1/255.255.255.0, Gateway: 192.168.1.12 Default server: 192.168.1.12 EM-436 Ver.AB 2004-08-31 Booting Menu: Default Start D-Link firewall 1. Start D-Link firewall 2. Redboot command line Please select:2 == Executing boot script in 5.000 seconds - enter ^C to abort RedBoot> load -r -b 0x01600000 -m disk hda1:/boot/openwrt-dfl200-zImage Raw file loaded 0x01600000-0x016ee4f7, assumed entry at 0x01600000 RedBoot> go -n 0x01600000 Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel. [ 0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0 ...
Miscellaneous notes¶
If GPIO5 is grounded when power is applied, the board enters some sort of a simple self-test routine.
RTCK (pin 11) on JB1 (JTAG) is pulled to ground.
There are abundant supplies of ground pins on GPIOA1 and JC1; no need to wrestle with (de-)soldering this pin on JB1 if you have troubles with that.
Board revisions¶
Two known, EM-436A V1.1 and EM-436A V2.0. The only observable differences between the two are slightly different component use (flash, SDRAMs) and minor differences in the PCB silk.
Annotated board image¶
| 1 | PS4S1 power connector | 11 | RTL8100B Ethernet controller | |
| 2 | JP2 Mystery jumper No. 1 | 12 | RTL8305SB Ethernet switch | |
| 3 | JC1 mini-JTAG | 13 | RS5C372A RTC | |
| 4 | JB1 ARM JTAG | 14 | SDRAM banks | |
| 5 | GPIOA1 header | 15 | Mini-PCI Type III connector | |
| 6 | DEBUG2 header | 16 | IXP422BB SoC | |
| 7 | LED20 Status LED | 17 | JS28F320 flash | |
| 8 | IMP1 Mystery connector No. 2 | 18 | Compact Flash card | |
| 9 | MAC address stickers | 19 | RSW1 software reset button | |
| 10 | PDC20275 IDE controller | 20 | RSW2 hardware reset button |